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MacBinary | 1993-02-21 | 11.8 KB | [ TEXT/EDIT]
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MacBinary II, Sun Feb 21 18:10:59 1993, modified Sun Feb 21 18:10:59 1993, creator Macintosh Edit, type ASCII, 11428 bytes "spelling" , at 0x2d24 349 bytes resource
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id metadata key value macFileType [ TEXT] macFileCreator [ EDIT]
hex view +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ |00000000| 00 08 73 70 65 6c 6c 69 | 6e 67 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..spelli|ng......| |00000010| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000040| 00 54 45 58 54 45 44 49 | 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.TEXTEDI|T.......| |00000050| 00 00 00 00 00 2c a4 00 | 00 01 5d a7 ad bc 83 a7 |.....,..|..].....| |00000060| ad bc 83 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 81 81 cb fb 00 00 |........|........| |00000080| 52 65 63 65 69 76 65 64 | 3a 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 69 |Received|: from i| |00000090| 65 67 62 6f 78 2e 75 63 | 64 2e 69 65 20 62 79 20 |egbox.uc|d.ie by | |000000a0| 73 61 6c 6d 6f 6e 2e 6d | 61 74 68 73 2e 74 63 64 |salmon.m|aths.tcd| |000000b0| 2e 69 65 20 20 56 69 61 | 20 53 4d 54 50 20 28 46 |.ie Via| SMTP (F| |000000c0| 69 62 72 65 4f 70 74 69 | 63 29 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |ibreOpti|c). | |000000d0| 20 20 20 20 20 69 64 20 | 61 61 30 37 38 36 37 3b | id |aa07867;| |000000e0| 20 37 20 4a 75 6c 20 39 | 32 20 37 3a 31 32 20 42 | 7 Jul 9|2 7:12 B| |000000f0| 53 54 0d 52 65 63 65 69 | 76 65 64 3a 20 66 72 6f |ST.Recei|ved: fro| |00000100| 6d 20 49 52 4c 45 41 52 | 4e 2e 55 43 44 2e 49 45 |m IRLEAR|N.UCD.IE| |00000110| 20 28 4d 41 49 4c 45 52 | 40 49 52 4c 45 41 52 4e | (MAILER|@IRLEARN| |00000120| 29 20 62 79 20 6d 61 69 | 6c 67 61 74 65 2e 75 63 |) by mai|lgate.uc| |00000130| 64 2e 69 65 20 28 50 4d | 44 46 20 23 31 32 30 35 |d.ie (PM|DF #1205| |00000140| 30 29 0d 20 69 64 20 3c | 30 31 47 4d 33 34 5a 4d |0). id <|01GM34ZM| |00000150| 36 5a 31 53 30 30 30 37 | 4b 53 40 6d 61 69 6c 67 |6Z1S0007|KS@mailg| |00000160| 61 74 65 2e 75 63 64 2e | 69 65 3e 3b 20 54 75 65 |ate.ucd.|ie>; Tue| |00000170| 2c 20 37 20 4a 75 6c 20 | 31 39 39 32 20 30 36 3a |, 7 Jul |1992 06:| |00000180| 30 37 20 47 4d 54 0d 52 | 65 63 65 69 76 65 64 3a |07 GMT.R|eceived:| |00000190| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 49 52 | 4c 45 41 52 4e 20 62 79 | from IR|LEARN by| |000001a0| 20 49 52 4c 45 41 52 4e | 2e 55 43 44 2e 49 45 20 | IRLEARN|.UCD.IE | |000001b0| 28 4d 61 69 6c 65 72 20 | 52 32 2e 30 38 29 20 77 |(Mailer |R2.08) w| |000001c0| 69 74 68 20 42 53 4d 54 | 50 20 69 64 20 31 33 33 |ith BSMT|P id 133| |000001d0| 31 3b 0d 20 4d 6f 6e 2c | 20 30 36 20 4a 75 6c 20 |1;. Mon,| 06 Jul | |000001e0| 39 32 20 32 30 3a 30 38 | 3a 32 36 20 47 4d 54 0d |92 20:08|:26 GMT.| |000001f0| 44 61 74 65 3a 20 4d 6f | 6e 2c 20 36 20 4a 75 6c |Date: Mo|n, 6 Jul| |00000200| 20 39 32 20 31 35 3a 30 | 33 3a 33 32 20 2d 30 34 | 92 15:0|3:32 -04| |00000210| 30 30 0d 46 72 6f 6d 3a | 20 64 6d 69 6c 6e 65 40 |00.From:| dmilne@| |00000220| 4b 45 41 4e 2e 55 43 53 | 2e 4d 55 4e 2e 43 41 0d |KEAN.UCS|.MUN.CA.| |00000230| 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a | 20 65 6c 65 6d 20 49 47 |Subject:| elem IG| |00000240| 20 53 70 65 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 2c 20 70 74 2e 32 0d | Spellin|g, pt.2.| |00000250| 53 65 6e 64 65 72 3a 20 | 47 41 45 4c 49 43 20 4c |Sender: |GAELIC L| |00000260| 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 | 42 75 6c 6c 65 74 69 6e |anguage |Bulletin| |00000270| 20 42 6f 61 72 64 20 3c | 47 41 45 4c 49 43 2d 4c | Board <|GAELIC-L| |00000280| 40 69 72 6c 65 61 72 6e | 2e 75 63 64 2e 69 65 3e |@irlearn|.ucd.ie>| |00000290| 0d 54 6f 3a 20 4d 75 6c | 74 69 70 6c 65 20 72 65 |.To: Mul|tiple re| |000002a0| 63 69 70 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 6f 66 20 3c 47 41 45 |cipients| of <GAE| |000002b0| 4c 49 43 2d 4c 40 69 72 | 6c 65 61 72 6e 2e 75 63 |LIC-L@ir|learn.uc| |000002c0| 64 2e 69 65 3e 0d 52 65 | 70 6c 79 2d 74 6f 3a 20 |d.ie>.Re|ply-to: | |000002d0| 64 6d 69 6c 6e 65 40 6b | 65 61 6e 2e 75 63 73 2e |dmilne@k|ean.ucs.| |000002e0| 6d 75 6e 2e 63 61 0d 4d | 65 73 73 61 67 65 2d 69 |mun.ca.M|essage-i| |000002f0| 64 3a 20 3c 30 31 47 4d | 33 34 5a 4d 36 5a 31 53 |d: <01GM|34ZM6Z1S| |00000300| 30 30 30 37 4b 53 40 6d | 61 69 6c 67 61 74 65 2e |0007KS@m|ailgate.| |00000310| 75 63 64 2e 69 65 3e 0d | 58 2d 45 6e 76 65 6c 6f |ucd.ie>.|X-Envelo| |00000320| 70 65 2d 74 6f 3a 20 70 | 77 61 6c 64 72 6f 6e 40 |pe-to: p|waldron@| |00000330| 4d 41 54 48 53 2e 54 43 | 44 2e 49 45 2c 20 74 69 |MATHS.TC|D.IE, ti| |00000340| 6d 40 4d 41 54 48 53 2e | 54 43 44 2e 49 45 0d 53 |m@MATHS.|TCD.IE.S| |00000350| 74 61 74 75 73 3a 20 4f | 0d 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 |tatus: O|.. . | |00000360| 20 20 20 20 4e 4f 54 45 | 53 20 4f 4e 20 54 48 45 | NOTE|S ON THE| |00000370| 20 53 50 45 4c 4c 49 4e | 47 20 41 4e 44 20 50 52 | SPELLIN|G AND PR| |00000380| 4f 4e 55 4e 43 49 41 54 | 49 4f 4e 20 4f 46 20 49 |ONUNCIAT|ION OF I| |00000390| 52 49 53 48 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |RISH. | | |000003a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |000003b0| 20 20 50 41 52 54 20 49 | 49 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 20 | PART I|I. . . | |000003c0| 20 49 6e 20 70 61 72 74 | 20 49 20 20 6f 66 20 74 | In part| I of t| |000003d0| 68 65 73 65 20 6e 6f 74 | 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 |hese not|es on th| |000003e0| 65 20 70 72 6f 6e 75 6e | 63 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |e pronun|ciation | |000003f0| 61 6e 64 20 73 70 65 6c | 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 |and spel|ling of | |00000400| 49 72 69 73 68 0d 28 73 | 65 65 20 23 33 2d 43 29 |Irish.(s|ee #3-C)| |00000410| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 65 6d | 70 68 61 73 69 73 20 77 |, the em|phasis w| |00000420| 61 73 20 6f 6e 20 62 72 | 6f 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 |as on br|oad and | |00000430| 73 6c 65 6e 64 65 72 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 6f 6e 61 6e |slender |consonan| |00000440| 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 68 6f 77 0d 73 69 6c 65 |ts, and |how.sile| |00000450| 6e 74 20 76 6f 77 65 6c | 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e |nt vowel|s are in| |00000460| 73 65 72 74 65 64 20 69 | 6e 74 6f 20 77 6f 72 64 |serted i|nto word| |00000470| 73 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 64 | 69 63 61 74 65 20 74 68 |s to ind|icate th| |00000480| 65 20 71 75 61 6c 69 74 | 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e qualit|y of the| |00000490| 0d 61 64 6a 61 63 65 6e | 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 6f 6e |.adjacen|t conson| |000004a0| 73 61 6e 74 73 2e 0d 20 | 0d 20 20 20 42 65 63 61 |sants.. |. Beca| |000004b0| 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 73 79 73 74 |use of t|his syst| |000004c0| 65 6d 20 6f 66 20 69 6e | 73 65 72 74 69 6e 67 20 |em of in|serting | |000004d0| 73 69 6c 65 6e 74 20 76 | 6f 77 65 6c 73 20 69 6e |silent v|owels in| |000004e0| 74 6f 20 73 79 6c 6c 61 | 62 6c 65 73 2c 20 69 74 |to sylla|bles, it| |000004f0| 0d 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c |.can be |difficul| |00000500| 74 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 | 6c 65 61 72 6e 65 72 20 |t for a |learner | |00000510| 74 6f 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 76 |to know | which v| |00000520| 6f 77 65 6c 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 70 72 6f 6e 6f 75 |owels ar|e pronou| |00000530| 6e 63 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 0d 73 70 65 6c |nced in |the.spel| |00000540| 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 77 6f 72 64 20 61 |ling of |a word a| |00000550| 6e 64 20 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f |nd whic|h are no| |00000560| 74 2e 20 20 48 6f 77 65 | 76 65 72 2c 20 49 72 69 |t. Howe|ver, Iri| |00000570| 73 68 20 73 70 65 6c 6c | 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 71 |sh spell|ing is q| |00000580| 75 69 74 65 0d 70 68 6f | 6e 65 74 69 63 20 61 6e |uite.pho|netic an| |00000590| 64 20 72 65 67 75 6c 61 | 72 2c 20 73 6f 20 6d 6f |d regula|r, so mo| |000005a0| 73 74 20 77 6f 72 64 73 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 |st words| can be | |000005b0| 70 72 6f 6e 6f 75 6e 63 | 65 64 20 61 63 63 75 72 |pronounc|ed accur| |000005c0| 61 74 65 6c 79 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 0d 74 68 65 69 72 |ately fr|om.their| |000005d0| 20 73 70 65 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 2c 20 69 66 20 79 6f | spellin|g, if yo| |000005e0| 75 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 |u know t|he sound| |000005f0| 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 31 30 20 73 | values |for 10 s| |00000600| 69 6e 67 6c 65 2d 6c 65 | 74 74 65 72 0d 73 70 65 |ingle-le|tter.spe| |00000610| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 32 33 20 6d 75 |llings a|nd 23 mu| |00000620| 6c 74 69 2d 6c 65 74 74 | 65 72 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 |lti-lett|er combi| |00000630| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 66 6f 72 20 76 6f 77 65 |nations |for vowe| |00000640| 6c 73 2e 20 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 69 73 20 65 61 73 |ls. Thi|s is eas| |00000650| 69 65 72 0d 74 68 61 6e | 20 69 74 20 73 6f 75 6e |ier.than| it soun| |00000660| 64 73 2e 0d 20 0d 20 20 | 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 69 |ds.. . | There i| |00000670| 73 2c 20 6f 66 20 63 6f | 75 72 73 65 2c 20 73 6f |s, of co|urse, so| |00000680| 6d 65 20 76 61 72 69 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 |me varia|tion in | |00000690| 74 68 65 20 73 6f 75 6e | 64 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 |the soun|d values| |000006a0| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 76 6f 77 65 6c 73 0d | for the| vowels.| |000006b0| 61 6d 6f 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 64 69 61 6c 65 63 |among th|e dialec| |000006c0| 74 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 6f 6e 65 73 20 67 69 76 |ts. The |ones giv| |000006d0| 65 6e 20 68 65 72 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 74 68 6f 73 |en here |are thos| |000006e0| 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 | 6f 72 72 65 73 70 6f 6e |e that c|orrespon| |000006f0| 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 0d 70 68 6f 6e 65 74 69 |d to the|.phoneti| |00000700| 63 20 74 72 61 6e 73 63 | 72 69 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |c transc|riptions| |00000710| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 46 6f 63 6c 97 69 72 20 | in the |Focl.ir | |00000720| 50 97 63 61 2e 0d 20 0d | 20 20 20 49 6e 20 50 61 |P.ca.. .| In Pa| |00000730| 72 74 20 32 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 69 73 20 73 65 72 |rt 2 of |this ser| |00000740| 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 6e | 6f 74 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 |ies of n|otes on | |00000750| 73 70 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 | 2c 20 77 65 20 77 69 6c |spelling|, we wil| |00000760| 6c 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 0d 73 70 |l look a|t the.sp| |00000770| 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f | 66 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 76 |elling o|f long v| |00000780| 6f 77 65 6c 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 64 69 70 68 74 68 |owels an|d diphth| |00000790| 6f 6e 67 73 2e 20 20 50 | 61 72 74 20 33 20 77 69 |ongs. P|art 3 wi| |000007a0| 6c 6c 20 64 65 61 6c 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |ll deal |with the| |000007b0| 0d 73 70 65 6c 6c 69 6e | 67 20 6f 66 20 73 68 6f |.spellin|g of sho| |000007c0| 72 74 20 76 6f 77 65 6c | 73 2e 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 |rt vowel|s.. . | |000007d0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |000007e0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |000007f0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |00000800| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 0d 20 0d 20 |........|..... . | |00000810| 0d 31 2e 20 20 46 69 72 | 73 74 20 6c 65 74 20 75 |.1. Fir|st let u| |00000820| 73 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 |s look a|t the si| |00000830| 6e 67 6c 65 20 6c 65 74 | 74 65 72 20 73 70 65 6c |ngle let|ter spel| |00000840| 6c 69 6e 67 73 20 66 6f | 72 20 76 6f 77 65 6c 73 |lings fo|r vowels| |00000850| 3a 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 4c 6f 6e 67 20 76 6f |:. . | Long vo| |00000860| 77 65 6c 73 3a 20 20 87 | 20 20 20 20 20 5b 61 3a |wels: .| [a:| |00000870| 5d 20 20 20 61 73 20 69 | 6e 20 20 66 61 72 0d 20 |] as i|n far. | |00000880| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000890| 20 20 8e 20 20 20 20 20 | 5b 65 3a 5d 20 20 20 20 | . |[e:] | |000008a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 73 61 | 79 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | sa|y. | |000008b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 92 20 20 | | . | |000008c0| 20 20 20 5b 69 3a 5d 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | [i:] | | |000008d0| 20 73 65 65 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | see. | | |000008e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 97 20 20 20 20 20 5b 6f | |. [o| |000008f0| 3a 5d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 6d 6f 72 65 |:] | more| |00000900| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | | |00000910| 20 20 20 20 9c 20 20 20 | 20 20 5b 75 3a 5d 20 20 | . | [u:] | |00000920| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 77 68 6f 0d 20 0d 20 20 | |who. . | |00000930| 20 20 20 53 68 6f 72 74 | 20 76 6f 77 65 6c 73 3a | Short| vowels:| |00000940| 20 61 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 5b 61 20 5d 20 20 20 20 | a |[a ] | |00000950| 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 61 | 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ba|t. | |00000960| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 65 20 20 | | e | |00000970| 20 20 20 20 5b 65 20 5d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | [e ]| | |00000980| 20 20 62 65 74 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | bet. | | |00000990| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 69 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | i | |000009a0| 5b 69 20 5d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 69 |[i ] | bi| |000009b0| 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |t. | | |000009c0| 20 20 20 20 20 6f 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 5b 6f 20 5d | o | [o ]| |000009d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 73 6f 6e 0d 20 20 | | son. | |000009e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |000009f0| 20 75 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 5b 75 20 5d 20 20 20 20 | u |[u ] | |00000a00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 6f | 6f 6b 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | bo|ok. . | |00000a10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | |........| |00000a20| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |00000a30| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |00000a40| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 0d | 20 0d 20 0d 32 2e 20 20 |........| . .2. | |00000a50| 49 6e 20 61 64 64 69 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 |In addit|ion to t| |00000a60| 68 65 20 73 69 6e 67 6c | 65 20 76 6f 77 65 6c 73 |he singl|e vowels| |00000a70| 20 73 68 6f 77 6e 20 61 | 62 6f 76 65 2c 20 49 72 | shown a|bove, Ir| |00000a80| 69 73 68 20 68 61 73 20 | 66 6f 75 72 0d 20 20 20 |ish has |four. | |00000a90| 20 64 69 70 68 74 68 6f | 6e 67 73 2e 20 41 20 64 | diphtho|ngs. A d| |00000aa0| 69 70 68 74 68 6f 6e 67 | 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 65 |iphthong| is a se| |00000ab0| 71 75 65 6e 63 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 77 6f 20 76 6f |quence o|f two vo| |00000ac0| 77 65 6c 73 2c 20 62 6f | 74 68 20 6f 66 0d 20 20 |wels, bo|th of. | |00000ad0| 20 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 61 72 65 20 63 6c 65 61 | which |are clea| |00000ae0| 72 6c 79 20 70 72 6f 6e | 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 2e 20 |rly pron|ounced. | |00000af0| 20 41 6e 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 45 | An exam|ple in E| |00000b00| 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 20 77 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 |nglish w|ould be | |00000b10| 74 68 65 0d 20 20 20 20 | 22 6f 69 22 20 20 69 6e |the. |"oi" in| |00000b20| 20 22 70 6f 69 73 6f 6e | 22 2c 20 20 77 68 65 72 | "poison|", wher| |00000b30| 65 20 74 68 65 20 22 6f | 69 22 20 69 73 20 70 72 |e the "o|i" is pr| |00000b40| 6f 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 64 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 73 20 |onounced| not as | |00000b50| 22 6f 22 20 6f 72 20 61 | 73 20 22 69 22 2c 0d 20 |"o" or a|s "i",. | |00000b60| 20 20 20 62 75 74 20 61 | 73 20 20 61 20 72 61 70 | but a|s a rap| |00000b70| 69 64 20 73 65 71 75 65 | 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |id seque|nce of t| |00000b80| 68 65 20 74 77 6f 2c 20 | 72 65 73 75 6c 74 69 6e |he two, |resultin| |00000b90| 67 20 69 6e 20 61 6e 20 | 22 6f 79 22 20 64 69 70 |g in an |"oy" dip| |00000ba0| 68 74 68 6f 6e 67 2e 0d | 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |hthong..| . | |00000bb0| 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 73 6f 75 6e 64 73 20 6f | The |sounds o| |00000bc0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f | 75 72 20 49 72 69 73 68 |f the fo|ur Irish| |00000bd0| 20 64 69 70 68 74 68 6f | 6e 67 73 20 61 72 65 3a | diphtho|ngs are:| |00000be0| 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. . | | |00000bf0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b 20 | 69 40 20 5d 20 20 20 20 | [ |i@ ] | |00000c00| 22 65 65 2d 75 68 22 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |"ee-uh".| | |00000c10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 5b 20 75 40 20 | | [ u@ | |00000c20| 5d 20 20 20 20 22 6f 6f | 2d 75 68 22 0d 20 20 20 |] "oo|-uh". | |00000c30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000c40| 5b 20 61 69 20 5d 20 20 | 20 20 22 65 79 65 22 0d |[ ai ] | "eye".| |00000c50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000c60| 20 20 20 5b 20 61 75 20 | 5d 20 20 20 20 22 6f 77 | [ au |] "ow| |00000c70| 22 20 20 28 61 73 20 69 | 6e 20 63 6f 77 29 0d 20 |" (as i|n cow). | |00000c80| 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 73 70 65 6c 6c |. . T|he spell| |00000c90| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 |ing of t|he first| |00000ca0| 20 74 77 6f 20 69 73 20 | 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 3a 0d | two is |simple:.| |00000cb0| 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 5b | 69 40 5d 20 20 20 20 20 | . [|i@] | |00000cc0| 20 49 41 20 20 20 20 20 | 65 2e 67 2e 20 20 62 69 | IA |e.g. bi| |00000cd0| 61 20 20 20 5b 62 27 69 | 40 5d 20 20 20 66 6f 6f |a [b'i|@] foo| |00000ce0| 64 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |d. | | |00000cf0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 69 61 | | ia| |00000d00| 73 63 20 20 5b 69 40 73 | 6b 5d 20 20 20 66 69 73 |sc [i@s|k] fis| |00000d10| 68 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 5b 75 40 5d 20 |h. . . | [u@] | |00000d20| 20 20 20 20 20 55 41 20 | 20 20 20 20 65 2e 67 2e | UA | e.g.| |00000d30| 20 20 66 75 61 72 20 20 | 5b 66 75 40 72 5d 20 20 | fuar |[fu@r] | |00000d40| 20 63 6f 6c 64 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | cold. | | |00000d50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000d60| 20 20 73 63 75 61 62 20 | 5b 73 6b 75 40 62 5d 20 | scuab |[sku@b] | |00000d70| 20 62 72 75 73 68 0d 20 | 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | brush. |. . . | |00000d80| 20 54 68 65 20 73 70 65 | 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 66 6f | The spe|lling fo| |00000d90| 72 20 74 68 65 20 5b 61 | 69 5d 20 20 61 6e 64 20 |r the [a|i] and | |00000da0| 74 68 65 20 5b 61 75 5d | 20 64 69 70 68 74 68 6f |the [au]| diphtho| |00000db0| 6e 67 73 20 61 72 65 20 | 6d 6f 72 65 0d 20 20 20 |ngs are |more. | |00000dc0| 20 76 61 72 69 65 64 2e | 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | varied.|. . . | |00000dd0| 20 20 5b 61 75 5d 20 20 | 20 20 22 6f 77 22 20 20 | [au] | "ow" | |00000de0| 20 69 73 20 73 70 65 6c | 6c 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | is spel|led with| |00000df0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 6c | the fol|lowing l| |00000e00| 65 74 74 65 72 20 67 72 | 6f 75 70 73 3a 0d 20 0d |etter gr|oups:. .| |00000e10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000e20| 20 20 20 2d 41 42 48 41 | 2d 20 20 20 20 65 2e 67 | -ABHA|- e.g| |00000e30| 2e 20 64 61 62 68 74 20 | 20 20 5b 64 61 75 74 5d |. dabht | [daut]| |00000e40| 20 20 20 20 64 6f 75 62 | 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | doub|t. | |00000e50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000e60| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 6c 65 61 62 | | leab| |00000e70| 68 61 72 20 5b 6c 27 61 | 75 72 5d 20 20 20 62 6f |har [l'a|ur] bo| |00000e80| 6f 6b 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ok. . | | |00000e90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 2d 41 4d 48 41 2d 20 20 | |-AMHA- | |00000ea0| 20 20 65 2e 67 2e 20 72 | 61 6d 68 61 72 20 20 5b | e.g. r|amhar [| |00000eb0| 72 61 75 72 5d 20 20 20 | 20 66 61 74 0d 20 0d 20 |raur] | fat. . | |00000ec0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000ed0| 20 20 20 28 20 48 69 73 | 74 6f 72 69 63 61 6c 6c | ( His|toricall| |00000ee0| 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 | 74 69 6c 6c 20 69 6e 20 |y, and s|till in | |00000ef0| 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 69 61 | 6c 65 63 74 73 2c 0d 20 |some dia|lects,. | |00000f00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000f10| 20 20 20 20 20 2d 41 4d | 48 41 2d 20 69 73 20 70 | -AM|HA- is p| |00000f20| 72 6f 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 | 64 20 61 73 20 61 20 6e |ronounce|d as a n| |00000f30| 61 73 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 | 20 5b 61 75 5d 2e 29 0d |asalized| [au].).| |00000f40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000f50| 20 20 20 20 28 61 6c 73 | 6f 20 6e 6f 74 65 20 74 | (als|o note t| |00000f60| 68 61 74 20 2d 61 6d 68 | 20 61 73 20 61 20 77 6f |hat -amh| as a wo| |00000f70| 72 64 20 65 6e 64 69 6e | 67 20 69 73 20 5b 40 5d |rd endin|g is [@]| |00000f80| 29 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |). . . | | |00000f90| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 2d 4f 47 48 2d 20 20 | | -OGH- | |00000fa0| 20 20 65 2e 67 2e 20 20 | 20 62 6f 67 68 61 20 20 | e.g. | bogha | |00000fb0| 20 20 20 20 5b 62 61 75 | 5d 20 20 20 20 20 62 6f | [bau|] bo| |00000fc0| 77 20 28 61 72 63 68 65 | 72 27 73 29 0d 20 20 20 |w (arche|r's). | |00000fd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000fe0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000ff0| 6d 6f 67 68 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 5b 6d 61 75 5d |mogh | [mau]| |00001000| 20 20 20 20 20 73 6c 61 | 76 65 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | sla|ve. . | |00001010| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001020| 2d 4f 44 48 2d 20 20 20 | 20 65 2e 67 2e 20 20 20 |-ODH- | e.g. | |00001030| 74 6f 64 68 63 68 61 92 | 20 20 5b 74 61 75 78 69 |todhcha.| [tauxi| |00001040| 3a 5d 20 20 66 75 74 75 | 72 65 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 |:] futu|re. . . | |00001050| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 5b 61 | 69 5d 20 20 20 22 65 79 |. [a|i] "ey| |00001060| 65 22 20 20 69 73 20 73 | 70 65 6c 6c 65 64 20 77 |e" is s|pelled w| |00001070| 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 | 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e |ith the |followin| |00001080| 67 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 | 20 67 72 6f 75 70 73 3a |g letter| groups:| |00001090| 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. . | | |000010a0| 20 20 20 20 20 2d 41 44 | 48 41 2d 20 20 20 20 65 | -AD|HA- e| |000010b0| 2e 67 2e 20 20 72 61 64 | 68 61 72 63 20 20 5b 72 |.g. rad|harc [r| |000010c0| 61 69 72 63 5d 20 20 20 | 20 20 76 69 65 77 0d 20 |airc] | view. | |000010d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |000010e0| 20 2d 49 44 48 2d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | -IDH- | | |000010f0| 20 72 61 69 64 68 66 69 | 6c 20 5b 72 61 69 66 27 | raidhfi|l [raif'| |00001100| 40 6c 5d 20 20 20 72 69 | 66 6c 65 0d 20 0d 20 20 |@l] ri|fle. . | |00001110| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001120| 20 28 42 75 74 20 6e 6f | 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 | (But no|te that | |00001130| 2d 61 64 68 20 20 61 73 | 20 61 20 77 6f 72 64 20 |-adh as| a word | |00001140| 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 69 | 73 20 40 29 0d 20 0d 20 |ending i|s @). . | |00001150| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | | |00001160| 20 20 20 2d 41 47 48 41 | 2d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | -AGHA|- | |00001170| 20 20 20 70 72 61 67 68 | 61 73 20 20 5b 70 72 61 | pragh|as [pra| |00001180| 69 73 5d 20 20 20 20 20 | 70 72 69 63 65 0d 20 20 |is] |price. | |00001190| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |000011a0| 2d 49 47 48 2d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |-IGH- | | |000011b0| 6c 65 69 67 68 65 61 73 | 20 5b 6c 27 61 69 73 5d |leigheas| [l'ais]| |000011c0| 20 20 20 20 20 63 75 72 | 65 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 | cur|e. . | |000011d0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 48 | 6f 77 65 76 65 72 3a 20 | H|owever: | |000011e0| 6e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 2d |note tha|t when -| |000011f0| 49 47 48 20 63 6f 6d 65 | 73 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 |IGH come|s at the| |00001200| 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 | 61 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | end of |a. | |00001210| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 77 6f | | wo| |00001220| 72 64 2c 20 69 74 20 69 | 73 20 70 72 6f 6e 6f 75 |rd, it i|s pronou| |00001230| 6e 63 65 64 20 6c 69 6b | 65 20 92 20 20 5b 69 3a |nced lik|e . 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(i|i) EO| |00001620| 20 3d 20 20 97 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 65 2e 67 | = . | e.g| |00001630| 2e 20 20 62 65 6f 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 5b 62 27 |. beo | [b'| |00001640| 6f 3a 5d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 61 6c 69 76 65 0d |o:] | alive.| |00001650| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001660| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001670| 20 62 97 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 5b 62 6f 3a 20 5d | b. | [bo: ]| |00001680| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 63 | 6f 77 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | c|ow. . | |00001690| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4e | 6f 74 65 3a 20 20 77 68 | N|ote: wh| |000016a0| 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 76 | 6f 77 65 6c 20 5b 6f 3a |en the v|owel [o:| |000016b0| 5d 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 73 20 61 20 62 72 6f 61 |] follow|s a broa| |000016c0| 64 20 63 6f 6e 73 6f 6e | 61 6e 74 2c 20 22 97 22 |d conson|ant, "."| |000016d0| 20 69 73 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | is. | | |000016e0| 20 20 20 20 20 75 73 65 | 64 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 20 | use|d. When | |000016f0| 5b 6f 3a 5d 20 66 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 73 20 61 20 73 |[o:] fol|lows a s| |00001700| 6c 65 6e 64 65 72 20 63 | 6f 6e 73 6f 6e 61 6e 74 |lender c|onsonant| |00001710| 2c 20 22 65 6f 22 20 69 | 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |, "eo" i|s. | |00001720| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 75 73 65 64 2e | | used.| |00001730| 20 54 68 75 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 28 73 69 6c 65 6e | Thus th|e (silen| |00001740| 74 29 20 73 6c 65 6e 64 | 65 72 20 76 6f 77 65 6c |t) slend|er vowel| |00001750| 20 22 65 22 20 69 73 20 | 69 6e 73 65 72 74 65 64 | "e" is |inserted| |00001760| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | | |00001770| 20 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 6c | betwee|n the sl| |00001780| 65 6e 64 65 72 20 63 6f | 6e 73 6f 6e 61 6e 74 20 |ender co|nsonant | |00001790| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 62 72 6f 61 64 20 76 6f |and the |broad vo| |000017a0| 77 65 6c 20 22 6f 22 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |wel "o".| | |000017b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 74 6f 20 73 61 74 69 | | to sati| |000017c0| 73 66 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 6d |sfy the |requirem| |000017d0| 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 22 62 72 6f |ents of |the "bro| |000017e0| 61 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 62 72 6f 61 64 2e 2e 2e |ad with |broad...| |000017f0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | | |00001800| 20 20 65 74 63 2e 22 20 | 73 70 65 6c 6c 69 6e 67 | etc." |spelling| |00001810| 20 72 75 6c 65 2e 0d 20 | 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 28 69 | rule.. |. . 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(|iv) -I| |00001b20| 47 48 20 20 3d 20 92 20 | 20 69 6e 20 6d 61 6e 79 |GH = . | in many| |00001b30| 20 76 65 72 62 20 65 6e | 64 69 6e 67 73 3a 0d 20 | verb en|dings:. | |00001b40| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 62 72 6f |. | bro| |00001b50| 73 74 61 69 67 68 20 20 | 20 20 5b 62 72 6f 73 74 |staigh | [brost| |00001b60| 69 3a 5d 20 20 68 75 72 | 72 79 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |i:] hur|ry. | |00001b70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 8e | 69 72 69 67 68 20 20 20 | .|irigh | |00001b80| 20 20 20 5b 65 3a 72 27 | 69 3a 5d 20 20 20 62 65 | [e:r'|i:] be| |00001b90| 63 6f 6d 65 0d 20 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |come. . | | |00001ba0| 20 20 62 75 74 20 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 | but at| the end| |00001bb0| 20 6f 66 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2c | of othe|r words,| |00001bc0| 20 69 74 20 6d 61 79 20 | 62 65 20 73 6f 75 6e 64 | it may |be sound| |00001bd0| 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 5b 79 | 5d 2c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | like [y|],. | |00001be0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 6e | 64 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 | an|d when i| |00001bf0| 6e 20 61 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 6f 6e 61 6e 74 20 63 6c |n a cons|onant cl| |00001c00| 75 73 74 65 72 2c 20 69 | 73 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f |uster, i|s part o| |00001c10| 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 | 70 68 74 68 6f 6e 67 20 |f the di|phthong | |00001c20| 5b 61 69 5d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |[ai]. | | |00001c30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001c40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001c50| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 28 73 65 65 20 73 65 | | (see se| |00001c60| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 32 20 | 61 62 6f 76 65 29 2e 0d |ction 2 |above)..| |00001c70| 20 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 28 | 76 29 20 20 20 2d 4f 4d | . . (|v) -OM| |00001c80| 48 20 20 20 3d 20 20 97 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 65 2e |H = .| e.| |00001c90| 67 2e 20 72 6f 6d 68 61 | 6d 20 20 20 5b 72 6f 3a |g. romha|m [ro:| |00001ca0| 6d 5d 20 20 20 62 65 66 | 6f 72 65 20 6d 65 0d 20 |m] bef|ore me. | |00001cb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001cc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 63 | | c| |00001cd0| 6f 6d 68 2d 20 20 20 20 | 5b 6b 6f 3a 20 5d 20 20 |omh- |[ko: ] | |00001ce0| 20 63 6f 2d 20 70 72 65 | 66 69 78 0d 20 20 20 20 | co- pre|fix. | |00001cf0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001d00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 74 6f 6d 68 | | tomh| |00001d10| 61 73 20 20 20 5b 74 6f | 3a 73 5d 20 20 20 67 75 |as [to|:s] gu| |00001d20| 65 73 73 0d 20 0d 20 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ess. . .| | |00001d30| 54 68 69 73 20 77 61 73 | 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 |This was| origina| |00001d40| 6c 6c 79 20 61 20 6e 61 | 73 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 |lly a na|salized | |00001d50| 6f 3a 20 20 74 68 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 |o: thou|gh this | |00001d60| 6e 61 73 61 6c 69 7a 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 0d 20 20 20 |nasaliza|tion. | |00001d70| 20 20 20 20 20 69 73 20 | 6e 6f 77 20 6c 6f 73 74 | is |now lost| |00001d80| 20 69 6e 20 6d 6f 73 74 | 20 64 69 61 6c 65 63 74 | in most| dialect| |00001d90| 73 2e 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 | 0d 20 20 20 28 76 69 29 |s.. . . |. (vi)| |00001da0| 20 20 2d 55 4d 48 2d 20 | 20 20 3d 20 20 9c 20 20 | -UMH- | = . | |00001db0| 20 20 20 65 2e 67 2e 20 | 75 6d 68 61 6c 20 20 20 | e.g. |umhal | |00001dc0| 5b 75 3a 40 6c 5d 20 20 | 20 68 75 6d 62 6c 65 2c |[u:@l] | humble,| |00001dd0| 20 6f 62 65 64 69 65 6e | 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | obedien|t. | |00001de0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00001df0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 63 75 6d 68 72 61 | | cumhra| |00001e00| 20 20 5b 6b 75 3a 72 40 | 5d 20 20 66 72 61 67 72 | [ku:r@|] fragr| |00001e10| 61 6e 74 0d 20 0d 20 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ant. . .| | |00001e20| 54 68 69 73 20 77 61 73 | 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 |This was| origina| |00001e30| 6c 6c 79 20 61 20 6e 61 | 73 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 |lly a na|salized | |00001e40| 75 3a 20 20 74 68 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 |u: thou|gh this | |00001e50| 6e 61 73 61 6c 69 7a 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 0d 20 20 20 |nasaliza|tion. | |00001e60| 20 20 20 20 20 69 73 20 | 6e 6f 77 20 6c 6f 73 74 | is |now lost| |00001e70| 20 69 6e 20 6d 6f 73 74 | 20 64 69 61 6c 65 63 74 | in most| dialect| |00001e80| 73 2e 0d 20 0d 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |s.. ....|........| |00001e90| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |00001ea0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |00001eb0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e |........|........| |00001ec0| 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e | 2e 2e 0d 20 0d 53 55 4d |........|... .SUM| |00001ed0| 4d 49 4e 47 20 55 50 3a | 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 54 |MING UP:|. . T| |00001ee0| 68 65 73 65 20 61 72 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 |hese are| the spe| |00001ef0| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 73 20 66 | 6f 72 20 4c 4f 4e 47 20 |llings f|or LONG | |00001f00| 76 6f 77 65 6c 73 20 26 | 20 64 69 70 68 74 68 6f |vowels &| diphtho| |00001f10| 6e 67 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 79 6f 75 0d 20 20 20 |ngs that| you. | |00001f20| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e 65 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 | will ne|ed to re| |00001f30| 63 6f 67 6e 69 7a 65 3a | 0d 20 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 |cognize:|. . . | |00001f40| 20 61 3a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 87 0d 20 0d 20 | a: | .. . | |00001f50| 20 20 20 65 3a 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 8e 20 20 | e: | . | |00001f60| 20 20 61 65 0d 20 0d 20 | 20 20 20 69 3a 20 20 20 | ae. . | i: | |00001f70| 20 20 20 20 20 92 20 20 | 20 20 61 6f 20 20 20 20 | . | ao | |00001f80| 2d 69 67 68 0d 20 0d 20 | 20 20 20 6f 3a 20 20 20 |-igh. . | o: | |00001f90| 20 20 20 20 20 97 20 20 | 20 20 65 6f 20 20 20 20 | . | eo | |00001fa0| 2d 6f 6d 68 2d 0d 20 0d | 20 20 20 20 75 3a 20 20 |-omh-. .| u: | |00001fb0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 9c 20 | 20 20 2d 75 6d 68 2d 0d | . | -umh-.| |00001fc0| 20 0d 20 20 20 69 40 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | . i@ | | |00001fd0| 69 61 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | 75 40 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ia. . |u@ | |00001fe0| 20 20 20 75 61 0d 20 0d | 20 20 20 61 75 20 20 20 | ua. .| au | |00001ff0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 2d 61 62 68 61 | | -abha| |00002000| 2d 20 20 2d 61 6d 68 61 | 2d 20 20 2d 6f 67 68 2d |- -amha|- -ogh-| |00002010| 20 20 20 2d 6f 64 68 2d | 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 61 69 | -odh-|. . ai| |00002020| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 2d 61 | | -a| |00002030| 64 68 61 2d 20 20 2d 69 | 64 68 2d 20 20 20 2d 61 |dha- -i|dh- -a| |00002040| 67 68 61 2d 20 20 2d 69 | 67 68 2d 0d 20 0d 20 0d |gha- -i|gh-. . .| |00002050| 20 0d 54 49 50 53 20 46 | 4f 52 20 53 4f 55 4e 44 | .TIPS F|OR SOUND| |00002060| 49 4e 47 20 4f 55 54 20 | 41 20 53 54 52 41 4e 47 |ING OUT |A STRANG| |00002070| 45 20 57 4f 52 44 3a 0d | 20 0d 31 2e 20 20 53 79 |E WORD:.| .1. Sy| |00002080| 6c 6c 61 62 6c 65 73 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 6f |llables |which co| |00002090| 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 61 20 | 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 76 |ntain a |single v| |000020a0| 6f 77 65 6c 2c 20 6c 6f | 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 73 68 |owel, lo|ng or sh| |000020b0| 6f 72 74 2c 0d 20 20 20 | 20 61 72 65 20 73 69 6d |ort,. | are sim| |000020c0| 70 6c 65 20 3a 20 70 72 | 6f 6e 6f 75 6e 63 65 20 |ple : pr|onounce | |000020d0| 74 68 65 20 76 6f 77 65 | 6c 20 79 6f 75 20 73 65 |the vowe|l you se| |000020e0| 65 2e 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e.. . | | |000020f0| 20 65 2e 67 2e 20 20 62 | 87 64 20 20 20 20 20 5b | e.g. b|.d [| |00002100| 62 61 3a 64 5d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 6f |ba:d] | bo| |00002110| 61 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |at. | | |00002120| 20 20 20 20 20 74 65 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b 74 | te | [t| |00002130| 65 20 5d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 77 61 72 |e ] | war| |00002140| 6d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |m. | | |00002150| 20 20 20 20 67 69 62 69 | 72 69 73 20 20 5b 67 27 | gibi|ris [g'| |00002160| 69 62 27 69 72 27 69 73 | 27 5d 20 20 67 69 62 62 |ib'ir'is|'] gibb| |00002170| 65 72 69 73 68 0d 20 0d | 20 0d 32 2e 20 20 49 66 |erish. .| .2. If| |00002180| 20 74 68 65 20 73 79 6c | 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 68 61 | the syl|lable ha| |00002190| 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 | 68 61 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 |s more t|han one | |000021a0| 76 6f 77 65 6c 20 69 6e | 20 69 74 3a 0d 20 0d 20 |vowel in| it:. . | |000021b0| 20 20 20 4c 6f 6f 6b 20 | 74 6f 20 73 65 65 20 69 | Look |to see i| |000021c0| 66 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 61 6e 79 20 |f there |are any | |000021d0| 6c 6f 6e 67 20 76 6f 77 | 65 6c 73 20 6f 72 20 64 |long vow|els or d| |000021e0| 69 70 68 74 68 6f 6e 67 | 73 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e |iphthong|s presen| |000021f0| 74 2c 0d 20 20 20 20 69 | 6e 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 66 |t,. i|n any of| |00002200| 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 72 | 69 6f 75 73 20 73 70 65 | the var|ious spe| |00002210| 6c 6c 69 6e 67 73 20 66 | 6f 72 20 74 68 65 73 65 |llings f|or these| |00002220| 20 76 6f 77 65 6c 73 2e | 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 20 49 | vowels.|. . I| |00002230| 66 20 6f 6e 65 20 69 73 | 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 |f one is| present| |00002240| 2c 20 70 72 6f 6e 6f 75 | 6e 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 |, pronou|nce that| |00002250| 20 76 6f 77 65 6c 20 6f | 72 20 64 69 70 68 74 68 | vowel o|r diphth| |00002260| 6f 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 | 69 67 6e 6f 72 65 20 74 |ong and |ignore t| |00002270| 68 65 0d 20 20 20 20 6f | 74 68 65 72 20 76 6f 77 |he. o|ther vow| |00002280| 65 6c 73 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 79 6c 6c 61 |els in t|he sylla| |00002290| 62 6c 65 20 28 74 68 65 | 79 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 |ble (the|y will b| |000022a0| 65 20 73 69 6c 65 6e 74 | 29 2e 0d 20 0d 20 20 20 |e silent|).. . | |000022b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 65 2e 67 2e 20 6d 9c | | e.g. m.| |000022c0| 69 6e 74 65 6f 69 72 20 | 20 20 9c 20 20 20 65 6f |inteoir | . eo| |000022d0| 20 20 20 2d 2d 3e 20 20 | 5b 6d 75 3a 6e 27 74 27 | --> |[mu:n't'| |000022e0| 6f 3a 72 27 5d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |o:r']. | | |000022f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 5e 20 20 20 20 5e 5e 0d | |^ ^^.| |00002300| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00002310| 20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6f | 20 69 27 73 20 20 61 72 | the two| i's ar| |00002320| 65 20 73 69 6c 65 6e 74 | 3b 20 74 68 65 79 20 69 |e silent|; they i| |00002330| 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |ndicate |that the| |00002340| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | | |00002350| 20 20 20 20 20 20 2d 6e | 74 2d 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | -n|t- and t| |00002360| 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c | 20 72 20 20 61 72 65 20 |he final| r are | |00002370| 73 6c 65 6e 64 65 72 0d | 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |slender.| . | |00002380| 20 20 20 20 20 20 65 2e | 67 2e 20 73 61 69 67 68 | e.|g. saigh| |00002390| 64 69 9c 69 72 20 20 2d | 69 67 68 2d 20 20 9c 20 |di.ir -|igh- . | |000023a0| 2d 2d 3e 20 20 5b 73 61 | 69 64 27 75 3a 72 27 5d |--> [sa|id'u:r']| |000023b0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | | |000023c0| 20 20 20 20 5e 5e 5e 20 | 20 5e 0d 20 0d 20 0d 33 | ^^^ | ^. . .3| |000023d0| 2e 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 79 6c 6c 61 62 |. 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65 20 68 6f 6d 65 73 | whi|te homes| |00002960| 70 75 6e 20 63 6c 6f 74 | 68 0d 20 20 20 20 20 64 |pun clot|h. d| |00002970| 9c 69 73 69 67 68 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.isigh | | |00002980| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 | 77 61 6b 65 6e 0d 20 20 | a|waken. | |00002990| 20 20 20 74 6f 67 68 61 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | togha| | |000029a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 63 68 6f 69 | | choi| |000029b0| 63 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 62 69 61 62 68 97 67 20 |ce. |biabh.g | |000029c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |000029d0| 72 68 75 62 61 72 62 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 67 65 6f |rhubarb.| geo| |000029e0| 69 6e 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |in | | |000029f0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 64 72 | 6f 6e 69 6e 67 20 6e 6f | dr|oning no| |00002a00| 69 73 65 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 92 6f 72 97 69 6e 20 |ise. | .or.in | |00002a10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00002a20| 69 72 6f 6e 79 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 73 61 67 68 61 |irony. | sagha| 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